The incidence of obesity continues to rise, becoming a major global public health problem. Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective means of treating moderate to severe obesity, and its procedures have expanded from traditional surgical procedures to endoscopic treatment gradually. Bariatric metabolic surgery (BMS) improves metabolic abnormalities and achieves long-term weight loss by reshaping anatomical structures and regulating neuroendocrine. Endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapy (EBMT) simulates the mechanism of surgical operation, has the advantages of less trauma, faster recovery, and repeatable operation, providing a new option for obese patients. This article reviews the research progress of bariatric surgeries, aiming to promote the individualization of weight loss treatment.