The mechanism of action and research progress of novel anti-obesity medications

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9605.2025.01.002

Abstract

Abstract:

Obesity has become a globally prevalent chronic metabolic disease，posing a serious threat to public health.Traditional anti-obesity drugs have limited efficacy and numerous side effects，whereas new anti-obesity drugs，with their unique mechanisms of action and good safety profiles，offer new options for the treatment of obesity.This review will introduce the background of new anti-obesity drugs and their importance in the treatment of obesity，detailing their mechanisms of action，the latest research progress，and future development directions.

Key words: New Anti-obesity Drugs, Obesity, Weight Loss, Slimming, Metabolic Diseases

Yuan Zhang, Zhongyang Zhang, Jiebin Xie, Dianyuan Liang, Zhenghang Yu, Yixing Ren. The mechanism of action and research progress of novel anti-obesity medications[J]. Chinese Journal of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2025, 11(01): 11-18.

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药物名称	分类	体重减轻作用（%）	临床试验	优势
Semaglutide	GLP-1受体激动剂	68周的作用，85%患者下降5%，69%患者下降10%，34%患者下降20%	已完成所有临床试验阶段，并已获批用于治疗2型糖尿病和肥胖症。	研究最广，作用机制最清楚，可改善糖尿病
Beinaglutide	GLP-1受体激动剂	90.6%患者下降5%，40.5%患者下降10%	已进入Ⅲ期临床试验阶段	减重效果较好
Survodutide	GLP-1和胰高血糖素双重受体激动剂	平均可达到15%	目前处于Ⅱ期临床试验阶段	减重效果较好
Mazdutide	GLP-1和GIP受体双重激动剂	平均可达到10%	已进入Ⅲ期临床试验阶段	减重效果较好，对糖尿病有一定改善作用
Orforglipron	非肽类GLP-1受体激动剂	24 mg可达到12.5%，45 mg可达到14.7%	已进入Ⅲ期临床	半衰期长，可每日一次给药
Retatrutide	GIP、GLP-1和GCG三受体激动剂	平均可达到24.2%	已进入Ⅲ期临床	可同时改善高血压
Cagrilintide	胰淀素类似物	平均可达8.1%，与Semaglutide联用可达到15.1%	已进入Ⅲ期临床	口服给药，不良反应较小
Contrave	精神类药物	平均可达5%以上	已进入Ⅲ期临床	可改善暴食症

药物名称	分类	体重减轻作用（%）	临床试验	优势
Semaglutide	GLP-1受体激动剂	68周的作用，85%患者下降5%，69%患者下降10%，34%患者下降20%	已完成所有临床试验阶段，并已获批用于治疗2型糖尿病和肥胖症。	研究最广，作用机制最清楚，可改善糖尿病
Beinaglutide	GLP-1受体激动剂	90.6%患者下降5%，40.5%患者下降10%	已进入Ⅲ期临床试验阶段	减重效果较好
Survodutide	GLP-1和胰高血糖素双重受体激动剂	平均可达到15%	目前处于Ⅱ期临床试验阶段	减重效果较好
Mazdutide	GLP-1和GIP受体双重激动剂	平均可达到10%	已进入Ⅲ期临床试验阶段	减重效果较好，对糖尿病有一定改善作用
Orforglipron	非肽类GLP-1受体激动剂	24 mg可达到12.5%，45 mg可达到14.7%	已进入Ⅲ期临床	半衰期长，可每日一次给药
Retatrutide	GIP、GLP-1和GCG三受体激动剂	平均可达到24.2%	已进入Ⅲ期临床	可同时改善高血压
Cagrilintide	胰淀素类似物	平均可达8.1%，与Semaglutide联用可达到15.1%	已进入Ⅲ期临床	口服给药，不良反应较小
Contrave	精神类药物	平均可达5%以上	已进入Ⅲ期临床	可改善暴食症

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