Change of enterogenous lipopolysaccharide and its correlation analysis with weight change after sleeve gastrectomy in obese rats

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9605.2019.03.002

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective

This study aims to explore the correlation by detecting the metabolic changes and internal distribution of the LPS contained in rat during preoperative and postoperative period of sleeve gastrectomy.

Methods

(1) After successful obese rats modeling did, the weight, body length, glucose tolerance and insulin resistance level were measured and grouping them randomized. Rats in surgical group were performed sleeve gastrectomy. Then execute 5 rats per week. Rats in sham operation group were performed exploratory Laparotomy, whose grouping and execution coincides with surgical group. (2) Rats weight of surgical group and sham operation group were measured once for two days after operation. (3) Faeces of rats from two groups were selected both preoperatively and postoperatively, which were used to analysis the proportion of the gram-positive bacterium and gram-negative bacterium. (4) Rats' blood in two groups were collected regularly both before and post operation to measure serum levels of LPS. (5) In surgical group and sham operation group, tissues of liver, mesentery fat, perirenal fat and epididymal fat were picked and grinded for tissue homogenate when rats were executed to quantify the LPS contained in these tissues. 6) Glucose tolerance tests and insulin resistance level tests were performed in each group both preoperatively and postoperatively.

Results

(1) The weight of rats in sham operation group rebound gradually after decreased, even more heavier than preoperative. Oppositely, the weight of rats in surgical group decreased progressively and then stabilized. (2) the proportion of gram-positive bacteria of surgical group were increased compared with sham operation group. On the contrary, the proportion of gram-negative bacteria of surgical group were reduced. (3) The rats' serum level of LPS in operation group declined obviously after operation, however, the rats' serum level of LPS in sham operation group climbed up higher than preoperative levels. Also, serum levels of LPS in the two groups have significant linear correlation with contemporaneous body weight (P=0.0004). (4) The LPS of operation group in abdominal fat significantly decreased compared with sham operation group. (5) The glucose tolerance levels and HOMA IR of rats in surgical group significantly decreased after operation, while these index in sham operation group obviously elevated.

Conclusions

(1) There is a close relationship between their LPS and body weight after sleeve gastrectomy of obese rats; (2) After sleeve gastrectomy of obese rats, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity are improved.

Key words: Sleeve gastrectomy, Enterogenous lipopolysaccharide, Models of obese rats

Xiong Li, Bin Liu, Jiajun Li, Wei Liu. Change of enterogenous lipopolysaccharide and its correlation analysis with weight change after sleeve gastrectomy in obese rats[J]. Chinese Journal of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2019, 05(03): 128-136.

/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://zhfpydxbdzzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9605.2019.03.002

https://zhfpydxbdzzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/Y2019/V05/I03/128

Figures/Tables 11

References 33

[1]	Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, et al. Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents 1999-2010[J]. JAMA, 2012, 1 (5): 483-490.
[2]	NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants[J]. Lancet, 2016, 387(10026): 1377-1396.
[3]	Francisco LJ, Mery CB. Update: systemic diseases and the cardiovascular system: obesity and the heart[J]. Rev Esp Cardiol, 2011, 64(2): 140-149.
[4]	Cohen RV, Schiavon CA, Pinheiro JS, et al. Duodenal-jejunal bypass for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in patients with body mass index of 22-34 kg/m²: a report of 2 cases[J]. Surg Obes Relat Dis, 2007, 3(2): 195-197.
[5]	Uglioni B, Wolnerhanssen B, Peters T, et al. Midterm results of primary vs. secondary laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) as an isolated operation[J]. Obes Surg, 2009, 19(4): 401-406.
[6]	Holst JJ. The physiology of glucagon-like peptide-1 review[J]. Physiol Rev, 2007, 87(4): 1409-1439.
[7]	Wang Yong, Liu Jingang. Plasma ghrelin modulation in gastric band operation and sleeve gastrectomy[J]. Obes Surg, 2009, 19(3): 357-362.
[8]	Joshua L, Moselio S. The Desk Encyclopedia of Microbiology[D]. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic, 2004: 428.
[9]	Ghoshal S, Witta J, Zhong J, et al. Chylomicrons promote intestinal absorption of lipopolysaccharides [J]. Lipid Res, 2009, 50(1): 90-97.
[10]	Cani PD, Amar J, Iglesias MA, et al. Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance[J]. Diabetes, 2007, 56(7): 1761-1772.
[11]	Blasco-Baque V, Serino M, Vergnes JN, et al. High-fat diet induces periodontitis in mice through lipopolysaccharides (LPS) receptor signaling: protective action of estrogens [J]. PLoS One, 2012, 7(11): e48220.
[12]	Ghoshal S, Witta J, Zhong Jian, et al. Chylomicrons promote intestinal absorption of lipopolysaccharides[J]. Lipid Res, 2009, 50(1): 90-97.
[13]	Laugerette F, Vors C, Peretti N, et al. Complex links between dietary lipids, endogenous endotoxins and metabolic infl ammation[J]. Biochimie, 2011, 93(1): 39-45.
[14]	Troseid M, Nestvold TK, et al. Plasma lipopolysaccharide is closely associated with glycemic control and abdominal obesity: evidence frombariatric surgery[J]. Diabetes Care, 2013, 36(11): 3627-3632.
[15]	Pussinen PJ, Havulinna AS, Lehto M, et al. Endotoxemia is associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes[J]. Diabetes Care, 2011,34(2):392-397.
[16]	Mingrone G, Panunzi S, De Gaetano A, et al. Bariatric surgery versus conventionalmedical therapy for type 2 diabetes[J]. N Engl Med, 2012, 366(17): 1577-1585.
[17]	Greene E. Anatomy of the rat[M]. New York: Hafner Publishing Co, 1968: 124-126.
[18]	Robert A. Proposed terminology for the anatomy of the rat stomach[J]. Gastroenterology, 1971, 60(2): 344-345.
[19]	Chandler PC. Feeding response to melanocortin agonistpredicts preference for and obesity from a high-fatdiet[J]. Physiol Behav, 2005, 85(2): 221-230.
[20]	王竹. 高血糖动物模型的建立及其影响因素研究[D]. 北京:中国疾病预防控制中心, 2013.
[21]	Serra C, Baltasar A, perez N, et al. Laparoscopic reoperative sleeve gastrectomy[J]. Cir Esp, 2007, 82(1): 37-40.
[22]	Langer FB, Bohdjalian A, Falbervawer FX,et al. Does gastric dilatation limit the success of sleeve gastrectomy as a sole operation for morbid obesity[J]. Obes Surg, 2006, 16(2): 166-171.
[23]	Clemente-Postigo M, Roca-Rodriguez MDM, Camargo A, et al. Lipopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein levels and their relationship to early metabolic improvement after bariatric surgery[J]. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, 2015, 11(4): 933-939.
[24]	Ridaura VK. Gut microbiota from twins discordant for obesity modulate metabolism in mice[J]. Science, 2013, 341(6150): 1241214.
[25]	Lam YY, Ha CW, Campbell CR, et al. Increased gut permeability and microbiota change associate with mesenteric fat inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in diet-induced obese mice[J]. PLoS ONE, 2012, 7(3): e34233.
[26]	Ofengeim D, Yuan Junying. Regulation of RIP1 kinase signalling at the crossroads of inflammation and cell death[J]. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2013, 14(11): 727-736.
[27]	Caesar R, Reigstad CS, Bäckhed HK, et al. Gut-derived lipopolysaccharide augments adipose macrophage accumulation but is not essential for impaired glucose or insulin tolerance in mice[J]. Gut, 2012, 61(12): 1701-1707.
[28]	Yu R, Kim CS, Kwon BS, et al. Mesenteric adipose tissue derived monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 plays a crucial role in adipose tissue macrophage migration and activation in obese mice[J]. Obesity(Silver Spring), 2006, 14(8): 1353-1362.
[29]	Lopez PP, Nicholson SE, Burkhardt GE, et al. Development of a Sleeve Gastrectomy Weight Loss Model in Obese Zucker Rats[J]. Surg Res, 2009, 157(2): 243-250.
[30]	Nakarai H, Yamashita A, Nagayasu S, et al. Adipocyte macrophage interaction may mediate LPS-induced low-grade inflammation: potential link with metabolic complications[J]. Innate Immun, 2012, 18(1): 164-170.
[31]	Breusing N, Lagerpusch M, et al. Influence of Energy Balance and Glycemic Index on Metabolic Endotoxemia in Healthy Men[J]. Am Coll Nutr, 2017, 36(1): 72-79.
[32]	Sandeep S, Gokulakrishnan K, Velmumgan K, et al. Visceral&subcutaneous abdominal fat in relation to insulin resistance &metabolic syndrome in nondiabetic south Indians[J]. Indian J Med Res, 20l0, 13l: 629-635.
[33]	Sironi AM, Petz R, De-Marchi D, et al. Impact of increased visceral and cardiac fat on cardiometabolic risk and disease[J]. Diabet Med, 2012, 29(5): 622-627.

?	手术组	假手术组	正常对照组^e
体重（g）	477.3±43.95^a	471.35±78.72	363.3±26.36
体长（cm）	29.6±1.56^b	30.15±1.31	24.75±0.92
糖耐量（mmol?L^-1?min）	1450.88±171.63^c	1515.3±144.49	725.83±93.44
HOMA-IR	8.46±1.57^d	8.76±1.4	2.86±0.83

?	手术组	假手术组	正常对照组^e
体重（g）	477.3±43.95^a	471.35±78.72	363.3±26.36
体长（cm）	29.6±1.56^b	30.15±1.31	24.75±0.92
糖耐量（mmol?L^-1?min）	1450.88±171.63^c	1515.3±144.49	725.83±93.44
HOMA-IR	8.46±1.57^d	8.76±1.4	2.86±0.83

?	术前	术后第28天
手术组随机视野G+菌计数	182.68±72.46	486±142.55^a
假手术组随机视野G+菌计数	203.4±85.2	190.38±97.4^b
手术组随机视野G-菌计数	150.42±51.48	59.94±24.46^c
假手术组随机视野G-菌计数	146.72±71.62	137.98±63.93^d

?	术前	术后第28天
手术组随机视野G+菌计数	182.68±72.46	486±142.55^a
假手术组随机视野G+菌计数	203.4±85.2	190.38±97.4^b
手术组随机视野G-菌计数	150.42±51.48	59.94±24.46^c
假手术组随机视野G-菌计数	146.72±71.62	137.98±63.93^d

?	手术组	假手术组
术前（ng/L）	34.8±5.85	32±7.3^d
术后第7天（ng/L）	86.4±19.26	75±12.77
术后第14天（ng/L）	34.2±11.43	37.2±5.81
术后第21天（ng/L）	10.2±6.87	33.4±8.62
术后第28天（ng/L）	26.4±5.27^a	42±6.12^b.c

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export