Analysis of influencing factors of nurses &apos; attitude towards patients with obesity-Multi-regional and multi-center research based on questionnaire survey

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9605.2025.03.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective

To explore the current situation and influencing factors of nurses' biased attitude towards people with obesity, which can provide theoretical guidance for formulating measures to eliminate nurses ' weight bias.

Methods

In this study, convenience sampling method was used to select registered nurses from medical institutions in different regions from May 2021 to September 2021 for questionnaire distribution and recovery. The research tools include general information questionnaire, and the attitude towards obese people scale (ATOP). SPSS 27.0 was used to establish the database and analyze the data.

Results

The average ATOP score of nurses was (68.21±14.40), and 30% of them scored below 60. The linear regression analysis of the influencing factors of nurses' weight bias attitude showed that the age, working years, number of metabolic diseases, hospital level and professional title of nurses had significant statistical significance on the score of ATOP scale (P<0.05 ).

Conclusions

In this study, nearly one-third of nurses show a negative attitude towards people with obesity. The age, working years, number of metabolic diseases, hospital level and professional title were the main influencing factors of nurses ' bias against people with obesity.

Key words: Nurses, Weight bias, Attitudes towards people with obesity, Multi-center, Cross-sectional research

Wen Zhang, Zhiyong Dong, Wan'e Zhao, Cunchuan Wang, Weiju Chen, Wah Yang. Analysis of influencing factors of nurses ' attitude towards patients with obesity-Multi-regional and multi-center research based on questionnaire survey[J]. Chinese Journal of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2025, 11(03): 191-197.

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Figures/Tables 5

References 29

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统计变量	各变量要素	样本数	百分比（%）
一般人口学特征
性别	男	188	3.2
	女	5 598	96.8
民族	汉族	5 315	91.9
	少数民族	471	8.1
年龄（岁），Mean（SD）	32.46（7.87）
年龄分组（岁）	18-25	1 138	19.7
	26-35	2 942	50.8
	36-45	1 204	20.8
	≥46	502	8.7
婚姻状况	已婚	3 867	66.8
	未婚	1 804	31.2
	离异/丧偶	115	2.0
学历	大专及以下	2 573	44.5
	本科	3 171	54.8
	硕士及以上	42	0.7
月均收入（元）	<5 000	1 389	24.0
	5 000-8 000	2 718	47.0
	8 001-12 000	1 229	21.2
	>12 000	450	7.8
患有代谢合并症的数量	0	4 834	83.5
	1-2	889	15.4
	≥3	63	1.1
运动情况	≥3次/周，≥30 min/次	625	10.8
	1-2次/周，≥30 min/次	1 392	24.1
	平均<1次/周	3 769	65.1
工作相关特征
工作科室	内科	1 406	24.3
	外科	1 271	22.0
	急诊科	302	5.2
	ICU	260	4.5
	妇产科	595	10.3
	儿科	366	6.3
	手术室	281	4.9
	门诊	324	5.6
	其他	981	17.0
工作年限（年），Mean（SD）	11.15（8.37）
工作年限分组（年）	≤5	1 759	30.4
	5.01-10	1 566	27.1
	10.01-15	1 055	18.2
	15.01-20	551	9.5
	>20	855	14.8
医院等级	一级医院	358	6.2
	二级医院	1 206	20.8
	三级医院	4 222	73.0
医院类型	综合医院	4 852	83.9
	专科医院	934	16.1
近半年倒班情况	只上白班	1 909	33.0
	倒班	3 877	67.0
减重外科工作经历	是	76	1.3
	否	5 710	98.7
肥胖患者护理经历	是	4 266	73.7
	否	1 520	26.3
职称	护士	1 363	23.6
	初级护师	2 350	40.6
	主管护师	1 619	28.0
	副主任护师及以上	454	7.9

统计变量	各变量要素	样本数	百分比（%）
一般人口学特征
性别	男	188	3.2
	女	5 598	96.8
民族	汉族	5 315	91.9
	少数民族	471	8.1
年龄（岁），Mean（SD）	32.46（7.87）
年龄分组（岁）	18-25	1 138	19.7
	26-35	2 942	50.8
	36-45	1 204	20.8
	≥46	502	8.7
婚姻状况	已婚	3 867	66.8
	未婚	1 804	31.2
	离异/丧偶	115	2.0
学历	大专及以下	2 573	44.5
	本科	3 171	54.8
	硕士及以上	42	0.7
月均收入（元）	<5 000	1 389	24.0
	5 000-8 000	2 718	47.0
	8 001-12 000	1 229	21.2
	>12 000	450	7.8
患有代谢合并症的数量	0	4 834	83.5
	1-2	889	15.4
	≥3	63	1.1
运动情况	≥3次/周，≥30 min/次	625	10.8
	1-2次/周，≥30 min/次	1 392	24.1
	平均<1次/周	3 769	65.1
工作相关特征
工作科室	内科	1 406	24.3
	外科	1 271	22.0
	急诊科	302	5.2
	ICU	260	4.5
	妇产科	595	10.3
	儿科	366	6.3
	手术室	281	4.9
	门诊	324	5.6
	其他	981	17.0
工作年限（年），Mean（SD）	11.15（8.37）
工作年限分组（年）	≤5	1 759	30.4
	5.01-10	1 566	27.1
	10.01-15	1 055	18.2
	15.01-20	551	9.5
	>20	855	14.8
医院等级	一级医院	358	6.2
	二级医院	1 206	20.8
	三级医院	4 222	73.0
医院类型	综合医院	4 852	83.9
	专科医院	934	16.1
近半年倒班情况	只上白班	1 909	33.0
	倒班	3 877	67.0
减重外科工作经历	是	76	1.3
	否	5 710	98.7
肥胖患者护理经历	是	4 266	73.7
	否	1 520	26.3
职称	护士	1 363	23.6
	初级护师	2 350	40.6
	主管护师	1 619	28.0
	副主任护师及以上	454	7.9

变量	n	ATOP得分		F/t值	P值
变量	n	Mean	SD	F/t值	P值
性别				0.381	0.704
男	188	68.61	15.53
女	5598	68.20	14.37
年龄（岁）				0.507	0.667
18-25	1138	68.68	14.53
25-35	2942	68.08	14.27
36-45	1204	68.17	14.41
≥46	502	68.21	14.40
民族				-1.194	0.233
汉	5315	68.15	14.90
其他	471	68.97	13.38
婚姻状况				9.223	0.000
已婚	3867	67.77ab	14.50
未婚	1804	69.34a	14.19
离异/丧偶	115	65.63b	13.37
学历				0.763	0.466
大专及以下	2573	68.46	14.30
本科	3171	68.00	14.51
硕士及以上	42	68.98	12.30
月均收入（元）				4.103	0.006
<5 000	1389	69.12a	14.03
5 000-8 000	2718	68.07ab	14.27
8 001-12 000	1229	68.14a	14.78
>12 000	450	66.49b	15.13
合并代谢病数量				4.299	0.014
0	4 832	68.41a	14.29
1-2	889	67.43ab	15.06
≥3	63	64.13b	13.04
肥胖家族史				-0.377	0.706
是	2 223	68.12	14.40
否	3 563	68.27	14.41
体育运动情况				3.209	0.040
≥3次/周，≥30 min/次	625	67.41a	14.56
1-2次/周，≥30 min/次	1 392	67.63a	14.48
平均<1次/周	3 769	68.56b	14.34
医院等级				3.049	0.047
一级医院	358	70.03a	14.52
二级医院	1 206	68.02b	13.72
三级医院	4 222	68.11b	14.58
医院类型				0.246	0.620
综合医院	4 852	68.25	14.52
专科医院	934	68.00	13.81
减重外科工作经历				-1.268	0.205
是	76	66.13	15.01
否	5710	68.24	14.39
现工作科室				1.539	0.138
内科	1 406	69.09	15.03
外科	1 271	68.18	14.14
急诊科	302	67.97	13.95
ICU	260	67.69	13.77
妇产科	595	67.51	14.70
儿科	366	67.50	14.39
手术室	281	69.58	14.03
门诊	324	67.44	14.25
其他	981	67.77	14.06
近半年轮班				-1.362	0.173
白班	1 909	67.85	14.73
倒班	3877	68.39	14.24
工作年限（年）				8.638	0.000
≤5	1 759	69.79a	14.16
5.01-10	1 566	67.97b	13.99
10.01-15	1 055	67.32b	14.86
15.01-20	551	66.62b	13.97
>20	855	67.54b	15.07
职称				9.204	0.000
护士	1 363	69.58a	14.06
初级护师	2 350	68.38ab	14.26
主管护师	1 619	67.40^bc	14.69
副主任护师及以上	454	66.12^c	14.71
肥胖患者照护经历				0.220	0.826
是	4 266	68.24	14.47
否	1 520	68.14	14.23

变量	n	ATOP得分		F/t值	P值
变量	n	Mean	SD	F/t值	P值
性别				0.381	0.704
男	188	68.61	15.53
女	5598	68.20	14.37
年龄（岁）				0.507	0.667
18-25	1138	68.68	14.53
25-35	2942	68.08	14.27
36-45	1204	68.17	14.41
≥46	502	68.21	14.40
民族				-1.194	0.233
汉	5315	68.15	14.90
其他	471	68.97	13.38
婚姻状况				9.223	0.000
已婚	3867	67.77ab	14.50
未婚	1804	69.34a	14.19
离异/丧偶	115	65.63b	13.37
学历				0.763	0.466
大专及以下	2573	68.46	14.30
本科	3171	68.00	14.51
硕士及以上	42	68.98	12.30
月均收入（元）				4.103	0.006
<5 000	1389	69.12a	14.03
5 000-8 000	2718	68.07ab	14.27
8 001-12 000	1229	68.14a	14.78
>12 000	450	66.49b	15.13
合并代谢病数量				4.299	0.014
0	4 832	68.41a	14.29
1-2	889	67.43ab	15.06
≥3	63	64.13b	13.04
肥胖家族史				-0.377	0.706
是	2 223	68.12	14.40
否	3 563	68.27	14.41
体育运动情况				3.209	0.040
≥3次/周，≥30 min/次	625	67.41a	14.56
1-2次/周，≥30 min/次	1 392	67.63a	14.48
平均<1次/周	3 769	68.56b	14.34
医院等级				3.049	0.047
一级医院	358	70.03a	14.52
二级医院	1 206	68.02b	13.72
三级医院	4 222	68.11b	14.58
医院类型				0.246	0.620
综合医院	4 852	68.25	14.52
专科医院	934	68.00	13.81
减重外科工作经历				-1.268	0.205
是	76	66.13	15.01
否	5710	68.24	14.39
现工作科室				1.539	0.138
内科	1 406	69.09	15.03
外科	1 271	68.18	14.14
急诊科	302	67.97	13.95
ICU	260	67.69	13.77
妇产科	595	67.51	14.70
儿科	366	67.50	14.39
手术室	281	69.58	14.03
门诊	324	67.44	14.25
其他	981	67.77	14.06
近半年轮班				-1.362	0.173
白班	1 909	67.85	14.73
倒班	3877	68.39	14.24
工作年限（年）				8.638	0.000
≤5	1 759	69.79a	14.16
5.01-10	1 566	67.97b	13.99
10.01-15	1 055	67.32b	14.86
15.01-20	551	66.62b	13.97
>20	855	67.54b	15.07
职称				9.204	0.000
护士	1 363	69.58a	14.06
初级护师	2 350	68.38ab	14.26
主管护师	1 619	67.40^bc	14.69
副主任护师及以上	454	66.12^c	14.71
肥胖患者照护经历				0.220	0.826
是	4 266	68.24	14.47
否	1 520	68.14	14.23

变量	模型
变量	β	P	VIF
（常量）		0.000
年龄（岁）
26-35 vs. 18-25	0.070	0.007	3.946
36-45 vs. 18-25	0.089	0.006	3.946
≥46 vs. 18-25	0.082	0.005	3.961
工作年限（年）
5.01-10 vs. ≤5	-0.065	0.002	2.500
10.01-15 vs. ≤5	-0.068	0.002	2.945
15.01-20 vs. ≤5	-0.070	0.004	3.467
>20 vs. ≤5	-0.057	0.081	6.179
婚姻状况
未婚vs.已婚	0.021	0.241	1.822
离异/丧偶vs.已婚	-0.019	0.143	1.020
月均收入（元）
5000-8000 vs. <5000	-0.019	0.293	1.842
8001-12000 vs. <5000	-0.006	0.750	1.975
>12000 vs. <5000	-0.022	0.185	1.622
患代谢性疾病数
1-2 vs. 0	-0.011	0.427	1.025
≥3 vs. 0	-0.030	0.025	1.025
体育运动情况
1-2次/周，≥30 min/次vs.≥3次/周，≥30 min/次	0.004	0.844	2.511
平均<1次/周vs. ≥3次/周，≥30 min/次	0.034	0.113	2.644
医院等级
二级医院vs.一级医院	-0.060	0.015	3.488
三级医院vs.一级医院	-0.052	0.037	3.568
职称
初级护师vs.护士	-0.024	0.281	2.968
主管护师vs.护士	-0.038	0.158	4.202
副主任护师及以上vs.护士	-0.056	0.010	2.824
F	3.352
R²	0.012

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Analysis of influencing factors of nurses ' attitude towards patients with obesity-Multi-regional and multi-center research based on questionnaire survey

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