As the prevalence of obesity and related metabolic diseases surges, the core role of bariatric surgical case managers in long-term postoperative patient management has become increasingly prominent. This paper systematically explores the practical challenges and development paths of specialized construction in this field in China through literature analysis and policy research and proposes strategies such as establishing a standardized training system, setting up multidisciplinary collaboration platforms, optimizing resource allocation models, and strengthening comprehensive health management throughout the entire cycle. These strategies aim to provide theoretical foundations and practical references for improving the quality of specialized services.