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中华肥胖与代谢病电子杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 09 ›› Issue (04) : 225 -230. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9605.2023.04.001

所属专题: 指南共识

指南解读

2022年《ASMBS/IFSO减重与代谢手术适应证指南》解读
董志勇1, 王存川1,()   
  1. 1. 510630 广州,暨南大学附属第一医院肥胖代谢外科/减重中心
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-14 出版日期:2023-11-30
  • 通信作者: 王存川

Interpretation of the 2022 ASMBS/IFSO Guidelines for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Indications

Zhiyong Dong1, Cunchuan Wang1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery / Bariatric Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
  • Received:2023-08-14 Published:2023-11-30
  • Corresponding author: Cunchuan Wang
引用本文:

董志勇, 王存川. 2022年《ASMBS/IFSO减重与代谢手术适应证指南》解读[J]. 中华肥胖与代谢病电子杂志, 2023, 09(04): 225-230.

Zhiyong Dong, Cunchuan Wang. Interpretation of the 2022 ASMBS/IFSO Guidelines for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Indications[J]. Chinese Journal of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2023, 09(04): 225-230.

随着时间的推移和大量临床研究证据的出现,2022年美国代谢减重外科学会(ASMBS)和国际肥胖和代谢疾病外科联合会(IFSO)联合发布的新指南在多个方面对1991年美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)发表的共识进行了更新。新版指南降低了减重手术的BMI门槛,鼓励更多符合手术指征的患者接受手术。手术类型以腹腔镜微创入路为主,以袖状胃切除术(SG)和Roux-en-Y胃旁路术(RYGB)为主流手术方式。新版指南还强调了手术的安全性和有效性,证实手术可降低总体死亡率,改善心血管风险和癌症风险;年龄上不再限制,老年和儿童/青少年群体均可考虑减重手术;修正手术以及减重手术在其他手术治疗前的应用。本文旨在对最新指南进行全面的解读。

With the passage of time and the emergence of a wealth of clinical research evidence, the new guidelines jointly released by ASMBS and IFSO in 2022 have made substantial updates to the 1991 NIH consensus across multiple aspects. The revised guidelines have lowered the BMI threshold for bariatric surgery, aiming to encourage a greater number of patients to consider undergoing the procedure. The predominant surgical approaches include laparoscopic minimally invasive procedures, sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Furthermore, the updated guidelines underscore the safety and effectiveness of these surgeries, confirming their ability to reduce overall mortality rates and mitigate cardiovascular and cancer risks. Age is no longer a limiting factor, as both elderly individuals and the pediatric/adolescent populations are now eligible candidates for weight loss surgery. Revisional procedures are also mentioned in the article, along with the application of weight loss surgery as a preparatory measure prior to other surgical treatments. This paper summarizes the key updates of the latest guidelines.

表1 各减重手术相关指南之间适应证的对比
表2 "2022版指南"的要点简括
更新要点 项目 主要内容
1. BMI ≥35 kg/m2 BMI≥35 kg/m2有无2型糖尿病或其他代谢疾病,建议进行减重与代谢手术
  30-34.9 kg/m2 合并代谢疾病,应考虑减重与代谢手术
  27.5-32.5 kg/m2 亚洲人群BMI≥27.5 kg/m2合并代谢疾病应考虑减重与代谢手术
2.年龄 老年人 没有明确的年龄限制,根据临床实际情况来评估。
  儿童青少年 不再考虑年龄,而应该根据实际情况来评估权衡利弊
3.桥接方案 关节置换术 术前施行减重手术可以缩短手术、住院时间并减少术后早期并发症。严重肥胖——技术挑战,增加伤口感染和深静脉血栓形成风险
  腹壁疝修补术 严重肥胖需要修补的腹壁疝患者,首先应减重手术减轻体重,从而降低与疝修补术相关的并发症发生率并增加修补的持久性。
  器官移植 患有肥胖症和终末期肺病的患者在减重手术后可能会因减重达标从而被列入移植名单
4.高危患者 肝硬化 肥胖和代偿期肝硬化患者减重手术后的围手术期死亡风险更高,但风险仍然很小(<1%),获益显著
  心力衰竭 接受减重手术可以显著改善左心室射血分数(LVEF)、心脏功能能力,并增加接受心脏移植的机会
    多学科团队对患者进行围手术期管理可能会降低并发症的发生率
5.患者评估 体重减轻和合并症改善 术前减重:这种做法被认为有歧视性、主观的且没有科学根据,会导致患者流失、延误治疗以及导致合并症进展,甚至危及生命
术前需纠正微量营养素缺乏症。术前需进行营养教育
管理食物不耐受、吸收不良、微量营养素缺乏以及体重反弹的术后患者
术前评估过程旨在优化手术结果并加以干预,以解决饮食失调、严重不受控制的精神疾病或活性物质滥用等问题
6.主要结局指标 癌症风险 减重术后癌症的风险降低
  死亡率 证实了减重手术能降低肥胖患者的总体死亡率,或者延长预期寿命
  修正手术 患者在初次手术后接受修正手术可进一步减重、减少合并症和死亡率,使并发症发生率降低至可接受水平
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