切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华肥胖与代谢病电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (01) : 23 -30. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9605.2026.01.004

论著

绝经前女性高尿酸血症相关因素及效应关系研究
卓琳1, 周灵丽1, 刘炫2, 蒋华杰3, 马莉4, 崔景秋5, 汪秀英3,()   
  1. 1100044 北京,北京大学人民医院内分泌科
    2157000 牡丹江,牡丹江医科大学医学影像学院
    3221009 徐州,徐州医科大学徐州临床学院徐州市中心医院肾内科
    4徐州医科大学附属医院重症医学科
    5300052 天津,天津医科大学总医院内分泌代谢科
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-25 出版日期:2026-02-28
  • 通信作者: 汪秀英
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(82070854)

Study on related factors and effect of relationships of hyperuricemia in premenopausal women

Lin Zhuo1, Lingli Zhou1, Xuan Liu2, Huajie Jiang3, Li Ma4, Jingqiu Cui5, Xiuying Wang3,()   

  1. 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044
    2School of Medical Imaging, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157000, Heilongjiang
    3Department of Nephrology of Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004
    4Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004
    5Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
  • Received:2025-08-25 Published:2026-02-28
  • Corresponding author: Xiuying Wang
引用本文:

卓琳, 周灵丽, 刘炫, 蒋华杰, 马莉, 崔景秋, 汪秀英. 绝经前女性高尿酸血症相关因素及效应关系研究[J/OL]. 中华肥胖与代谢病电子杂志, 2026, 12(01): 23-30.

Lin Zhuo, Lingli Zhou, Xuan Liu, Huajie Jiang, Li Ma, Jingqiu Cui, Xiuying Wang. Study on related factors and effect of relationships of hyperuricemia in premenopausal women[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 12(01): 23-30.

目的

探讨绝经前女性高尿酸血症(HUA)相关因素及效应关系,为评估绝经前女性HUA的诊断标准和防治奠定理论基础。

方法

采用横断面研究,观察20 572人绝经前女性体检资料,HUA定义为空腹血尿酸>420 μmol/L。用单因素分析和Logistic回归筛选HUA关联因素并计算归因危险度。用对应分析探索HUA与关联因素出现的顺序和对应关系,尝试构建各相关因素的关联路径,并用中介效应进行检验。

结果

绝经前女性HUA患病率0.48%,单因素分析显示HUA与年龄、工种、体质量、体质量指数、收缩压、舒张压、尿素氮、血肌酐、估计肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、总胆固醇、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血浆黏度相关(P<0.001)。Logistic回归显示高TG,高血压和低eGFR与HUA独立相关。以420 μmol/L、360 μmol/L为切点对应的血尿酸水平异常率分别为0.48%和2.04%。TG-平均动脉压(MAP)-血尿酸(SUA)中介效应为9.42%,MAP-eGFR-SUA中介效应为1.86%,均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。

结论

绝经前女性HUA可能因诊断标准过高而患病率被低估,合理的阈值可能略低于360 μmol/L。高TG、高血压和低eGFR与HUA独立相关,并可能沿着"代谢异常-高血压-肾损伤"的路径发生发展。干预措施应尽早从饮食习惯干预入手、综合调控关联因素对绝经前女性减少代谢性疾病、保护肾功能具有重要意义。

Objective

To discuss the related factors and effect of relationships of hyperuricemia (HUA) in premenopausal women, laying a theoretical foundation for evaluating the diagnostic criteria and prevention and treatment.

Methods

A cross-sectional study were adopted. 20 572 premenopausal women who underwent health check-up were selected. HUA was defined as those with fasting serum uric acid (SUA) >420 μmol/L. Univariate analysis and Logistic regression were used to screen the related factors. We used comprehensive attribution risk analysis to identify primary attributions. Correspondence analysis was used to display the order and aggregation between HUA and associated factors. Association paths were constructed for relevant factors and mediation effects were tested.

Results

The prevalence of HUA in premenopausal women was 0.48%. The results of univariant analysis showed that the age, occupation, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), total cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma viscosity were significantly related to HUA (P<0.001). Logistic regression showed that elevated TG, hypertension and decreased eGFR were independently related to HUA (P<0.001). The abnormal rates of abnormal blood uric acid corresponding to the three cut-off points of 420 μmol/L and 360 μmol/L, were 0.48% and 2.04% respectively. The mediation effect of TG- mean arterial pressure (MAP)-eGFR and MAP-eGFR-SUA was 9.42%, and 1.86%, respectively with statistical significance.

Conclusion

The prevalence of HUA in premenopausal women may be underestimated due to high diagnostic criteria. The reasonable cut-point for HUA might be slightly lower than 360 μmol/L. Elevated TG, hypertension, and decreased eGFR are independently associated with HUA and may develop along the path of "metabolism disorder-hypertension-renal injury" . Intervention measures should start with intervening in dietary habits firstly and comprehensively considering various associated factors. These measures are of great significance for premenopausal women in reducing metabolic diseases and protecting renal function.

表1 SUA正常组与异常组相关因素比较表[ ±sn(%)]
因素 合计(n=20 572) 正常组(n=20 474) 异常组(n=98) t/χ2 P
Age(y) 43.95±10.76 43.93±10.32 48.20±11.76 -4.080 <0.001
Height(cm) 160.59±5.72 160.59±5.71 160.26±5.95 0.573 0.566
Weight(kg) 60.63±8.99 60.61±8.97 65.04±11.38 -4.871 <0.001
BMI(kg/m2 23.52±3.27 23.51±3.27 25.35±4.34 -5.571 <0.001
SBP(mmHg) 120.52±16.65 120.49±16.63 128.32±18.47 -4.678 <0.001
DBP(mmHg) 75.69±10.88 75.67±10.87 80.77±12.34 -4.628 <0.001
BUN(μmol/L) 4.36±1.09 4.35±1.08 5.25±1.44 -8.175 <0.001
Cr(μmol/L) 55.27±11.12 55.20±11.03 69.68±17.95 -12.914 <0.001
eGFR(mL/min/1.73m2 132.85±32.55 133.00±32.47 102.04±33.48 9.415 <0.001
FPG(mmol/L) 5.17±0.99 5.16±0.99 5.35±0.97 -1.896 0.058
TC(mmol/L) 4.89±0.96 4.89±0.95 5.34±0.94 -4.661 <0.001
TG(mmol/L) 1.13±0.97 1.12±0.97 2.35±1.70 -12.491 <0.001
HDL-C(mmol/L) 1.40±0.34 1.41±0.34 1.20±0.32 6.303 <0.001
LDL-C(mmol/L) 2.84±0.78 2.83±0.78 3.14±0.73 -3.872 <0.001
PV(mPa·s) 1.55±0.06 1.55±0.06 1.57±0.07 -3.027 0.003
SUA(μmol/L) 228.37±54.74 227.23±52.21 466.41±51.26 -45.245 <0.001
工种       9.497 0.023
企业工人 2 518(12.24) 2 503(99.40) 15(0.60)    
企业文职 6 338(30.81) 6 319(99.70) 19(0.30)    
事业单位 6 192(30.10) 6 165(99.56) 27(0.44)    
公务员 5 524(26.85) 5 487(99.33) 37(0.67)    
高血压       17.307 <0.001
17 089(83.07) 17 023(99.61) 66(0.39)    
3 483(16.93) 3 451(99.08) 32(0.92)    
高TC       6.413 0.011
18 717(90.98) 18 635(99.56) 82(0.44)    
1 855(9.02) 1 839(99.14) 16(0.86)    
高LDL-C       3.648 0.056
19 238(93.52) 19 151(99.55) 87(0.45)    
1 334(6.48) 1 323(99.18) 11(0.82)    
低HDL-C       29.431 <0.001
18 620(90.51) 18 547(99.61) 73(0.39)    
1 952(9.49) 1 927(98.72) 25(1.28)    
高BMI       16.564 <0.001
12 322(59.90) 12 283(99.68) 39(0.32)    
8 250(40.10) 8 191(99.28) 59(0.72)    
高TG       154.542 <0.001
19 340(94.01) 19 277(99.67) 63(0.33)    
1 232(5.99) 1 197(97.16) 35(2.84)    
低eGFR       137.187 <0.001
18 868(91.72) 18 810(99.69) 58(0.31)    
1 704(8.28) 1 664(97.65) 40(2.35)    
表2 HUA相关因素Logistic回归和综合归因危险度分析表
表3 组合变量和9组UA水平原始行列交叉表
图1 相关对应分析
图2 代谢异常-高血压-肾损伤关联路径假说注:TG:甘油三酯;SUA:血尿酸;eGFR:估计肾小球滤过率;↑:上升;↓:下降
表4 TG-MAP-eGFR中介效应检验
[1]
Yanai H, Adachi H, Hakoshima M, et al. Molecular biological and clinical understanding of the pathophysiology and treatments of hyperuricemia and its association with metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2021, 22(17): 1-20.
[2]
中华医学会内分泌学分会. 中国高尿酸血症与痛风诊疗指南(2019) [J]. 中华内分泌代谢杂志, 2020, 36(1): 1-13.
[3]
Kim K, Go S, Son HE, et al. Association between serum uric acid level and ESRD or death in a korean population [J]. J Korean Med Sci, 2020, 35(28): 1-14.
[4]
Oh TR, Choi HS, Kim CS, et al. Hyperuricemia has increased the risk of progression of chronic kidney disease: propensity score matching analysis from the KNOW-CKD study [J]. Scientific reports, 2019, 9(1): 6681.
[5]
Ballestri S, Nascimbeni F, Romagnoli D, et al. The independent predictors of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and its individual histological features.: Insulin resistance, serum uric acid, metabolic syndrome, alanine aminotransferase and serum total cholesterol are a clue to pathogenesis and candidate targets for treatment [J]. Hepatol Res, 2016, 46(11): 1074-1087.
[6]
Jordan DM, Choi HK, Verbanck M, et al. No causal effects of serum urate levels on the risk of chronic kidney disease: A Mendelian randomization study [J]. PLoS Med, 2019, 16(1): 1-15.
[7]
Wu S, Kong M, Song Y, et al. Ethnic disparities in bidirectional causal effects between serum uric acid concentrations and kidney function: trans-ethnic Mendelian randomization study [J]. Heliyon, 2023, 9(11): 1-10.
[8]
Ge JY, Ji Y, Zhu ZY, et al. Genetically elevated serum uric acid and renal function in an apparently healthy population [J]. Urologia internationalis, 2020, 104(3-4): 277-282.
[9]
Wang L, Xu X, Zhang M, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in China: results from the sixth china chronic disease and risk factor surveillance [J]. JAMA Intern Med, 2023, 183(4): 298-310.
[10]
安平, 王安平, 闫文华, 等. 中老年男性及绝经前后女性中血尿酸水平与代谢综合征的关系 [J]. 中华内分泌代谢杂志, 2017, 33(12): 1031-1037.
[11]
Ma YC, Zuo L, Chen JH, et al. Modified glomerular filtration rate estimating equation for Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease [J]. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: JASN, 2006, 17(10): 2937-2944.
[12]
中国民族卫生协会重症代谢疾病分会, 高尿酸血症相关疾病诊疗多学科共识专家组. 中国高尿酸血症相关疾病诊疗多学科专家共识(2023年版) [J]. 中国实用内科杂志, 2023, 43(6): 1-20.
[13]
陈源源, 王增武, 李建军, 等. 高血压患者血压血脂综合管理中国专家共识 [J]. 中华高血压杂志 2019, 27(7): 605-614.
[14]
中国血脂管理指南修订联合专家委员会. 中国血脂管理指南(2023年) [J]. 中华心血管病杂志, 2023, 51(03): 221-255.
[15]
上海慢性肾脏病早发现及规范化诊治与示范项目专家组. 肾脏病防治指南 [J]. 中国实用内科杂志, 2017, 37(1): 28-34.
[16]
Bruzzi P, Green SB, Byar DP, et al. Estimating the population attributable risk for multiple risk factors using case-control data [J]. American journal of epidemiology, 1985, 122(5): 904-914.
[17]
Deubner DC, Wilkinson WE, Helms MJ, et al. logistic model estimation of death attributable to risk factors for cardiovascular disease in evans county, georgia [J]. American journal of epidemiology, 1979, 112(1): 135-143.
[18]
Bardou P, Mariette J, Escudie F et al. Jvenn: an interactive Venn diagram viewer [J]. BMC Bioinformatics, 2014, 15(1): 293.
[19]
Zlahtic B, Kokol P, Blazun Vosner H, et al. The role of correspondence analysis in medical research [J]. Frontiers in public health, 2024, 12: 1362699.
[20]
MacKinnon DP, Lockwood CM, Hoffman JM, et al. A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects [J]. Psychol Methods, 2002, 7(1): 83-104.
[21]
Kanai M, Akiyama M, Takahashi A et al. Genetic analysis of quantitative traits in the Japanese population links cell types to complex human diseases [J]. Nat Genet, 2018, 50(3): 390-400.
[22]
Sun HL, Wu YW, Bian HG, et al. Function of uric acid transporters and their inhibitors in hyperuricaemia [J]. Frontiers in pharmacology, 2021, 12: 667753.
[23]
Takiue Y, Hosoyamada M, Kimura M, et al. The effect of female hormones upon urate transport systems in the mouse kidney [J]. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids, 2011, 30(2): 113-119.
[24]
Zhang W, Iso H, Murakami Y, et al. Serum uric acid and mortality form cardiovascular disease: epoch-japan study[J]. J Atheroscler Thromb, 2016, 23(6): 692-703.
[25]
王建雄, 李春君, 张莉, 等. 成人血清尿酸水平与肾功能异常的关系 [J]. 天津医药, 2023, 51(01): 62-68.
[26]
刘华, 林娜. 高尿酸血症患者早期肾损害特点 [J]. 中国老年学杂志, 2015, 35(12): 3312-3313.
[27]
Maxwell AJ, Bruinsma KA. Uric acid is closely linked to vascular nitric oxide activity. Evidence for mechanism of association with cardiovascular disease [J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2001, 38(7): 1850-1858.
[28]
宋薇, 刘精东, 陈志雄, 等. 南昌地区40岁以上社区居民高尿酸血症和痛风的患病率调查及相关影响因素分析 [J]. 中国全科医学, 2014, 17(2): 181-184.
[29]
王晶, 柴洪艳. 北京铁路某车务段职工高尿酸血症调查及危险因素分析 [J]. 中国社区医师, 2020, 36(11): 181-182.
[30]
李晚冉, 林锦春, 王箭, 等. 罗湖区中老年男性高尿酸血症危险因素回顾性分析 [J]. 现代医院, 2021, 21(07): 1073-1075.
[31]
雷慧敏, 刘妍, 平鹏娜, 等. 代谢综合征不同组分及其组合与社区居民高尿酸血症的关联分析 [J]. 中华全科医师杂志, 2023(08): 796-802.
[32]
潘玲, 廖蕴华, 尹瑞兴. 血脂异常在慢性肾脏病中的作用及机制研究进展 [J]. 中国中西医结合肾病杂志, 2020, 21(2): 184-186.
[33]
邢悦, 王铠, 胡盼盼, 等. 慢性肾脏病患者血脂异常特点及相关因素 [J]. 国际移植与血液净化杂志, 2019, 17(6): 28-36.
[34]
Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk [J]. Eur Heart J, 2020, 41(1): 111-188.
[35]
姜一农. 高血压伴无症状高尿酸血症管理中国专家共识 [J]. 中华高血压杂志, 2022, 30(11): 1014-1019+1000.
[36]
Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension [J]. Journal of hypertension, 2018, 36(10):1953-2041.
[37]
肖慧捷, 李倩. 高尿酸血症与肾脏疾病 [J]. 中华实用儿科临床杂志, 2014, 29(17): 1284-1287.
[38]
Mennuni S, Rubattu S, Pierelli G, et al. Hypertension and kidneys: unraveling complex molecular mechanisms underlying hypertensive renal damage [J]. Journal of human hypertension, 2014, 28(2): 74-79.
[39]
Bidani AK, Polichnowski AJ, Licea-Vargas H, et al. BP fluctuations and the real-time dynamics of renal blood flow responses in conscious rats [J]. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2020, 31(2): 324-336.
[40]
刘萍, 杨建礼, 陈彧, 等. 高尿酸血症与慢性肾脏病的关系研究进展 [J]. 国际泌尿系统杂志, 2023, 43(02): 368-371.
[41]
Ma HY, Chen S, Du Y. Estrogen and estrogen receptors in kidney diseases [J]. Ren Fail, 2021, 43(1): 619-642.
[42]
Christy NP, Shaver JC. Estrogens and the kidney [J]. Kidney international, 1974, 6(5): 366-376.
[43]
赵菊兰, 夏天, 李荣等. 单纯性肥胖患者血清脂联素、血清瘦素与肾损伤的相关性分析 [J]. 天津医科大学学报, 2016(1): 34-36, 40.
[44]
Mu L, Pan J, Yang L, et al. Association between the prevalence of hyperuricemia and reproductive hormones in polycystic ovary syndrome [J]. Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E, 2018, 16(1): 104.
[45]
Deahl-Greenlaw A, Marks S. Meeting the New 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans [J]. Dela J Public Health, 2016, 2(3): 22-23.
[46]
许明双. 《美国居民膳食指南(2020-2025)》老年人膳食推荐解读 [J]. 食品安全导刊, 2021(17): 63-65.
[47]
雷雨婷, 洪瀚, 邹佳, 等. 肥胖相关性肾病肾脂质沉积的研究进展 [J]. 中国医师杂志, 2022, 24(06): 953-956.
[48]
闫婷婷, 刘维, 杨丽, 等. 他汀类药物的肾脏安全性及在慢性肾脏病患者中的应用 [J]. 药物不良反应杂志, 2016, 18(05): 356-359.
[49]
Dai H, Lv S, Qiao Za, et al. The active components of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) calathide and the effects on urate nephropathy based on COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway and the urate transporter URAT1, ABCG2, and GLUT9 [J]. Frontiers in Nutrition, 2022, 8(1): 1-16.
[50]
Yu X, Gu M, Zhu Y, et al. Efficacy of urate-lowering therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [J]. Clin Ther, 2022, 44(5): 723-735.
[1] 陈启阳, 刘玉江, 刘金苹, 谭小蕖, 钱林学, 胡向东. 基于超声造影的预测模型对甲状腺乳头状癌颈中央区淋巴结转移的诊断价值[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(04): 442-448.
[2] 何甘霖, 陈香侬, 李萍, 甄佳怡, 李京霞, 邹外一, 许多荣. 白血病异基因造血干细胞移植术后股骨坏死的影响因素[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(04): 450-456.
[3] 姚晓曦, 韦柳杏, 王瑞瑜, 李梦瑶, 刘清玉, 郄明蓉. 宫颈管搔刮术对阴道镜宫颈组织病理学结果为宫颈上皮内瘤变2级及以上患者术后病理升级为宫颈癌的预测价值[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2025, 21(02): 157-164.
[4] 刘振清, 黄莉, 王帅, 谢晨欣, 刘鸿圣. 胎盘MRI评分联合临床特征对胎盘植入性疾病孕妇产后出血的预测价值[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2025, 21(01): 37-43.
[5] 李莉, 马梅, 黄欣欣, 杨丹林, 潘勉. 妊娠期糖尿病早孕期相关影响因素及基于早孕期孕妇糖脂相关生化指标与人口学资料的4种机器学习算法构建妊娠期糖尿病预测模型的临床价值[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2024, 20(01): 105-113.
[6] 王蓓蓓, 董启秀, 郗红燕, 于庆云, 张丽君, 式光. 早孕期孕妇药物流产失败的影响因素分析与构建相关预测模型及其对药物流产成功的预测价值[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2023, 19(05): 588-594.
[7] 薛超, 张烨, 赵映, 韩建成, 谷孝艳, 孙琳, 刘晓伟, 宋伟, 何怡华. 胎儿先天性肺动脉瓣缺如综合征的超声特征及预后分析[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2023, 19(04): 410-418.
[8] 李勇义, 赵均雄, 郭建东, 李文萱, 孟占鳌, 覃杰, 陈涵潇. 瘤体-瘤周细胞外容积模型对前列腺癌的诊断价值[J/OL]. 中华腔镜泌尿外科杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(01): 56-64.
[9] 王静, 庞冬, 高赫, 刘金. 护理能力与应对方式在造口患者造口影响与生活质量间的中介效应[J/OL]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(04): 468-472.
[10] 赵月, 田坤, 张宗明, 郭震天, 刘立民, 张翀, 刘卓. 降钙素原对老年急性重度胆囊炎发生的预测价值[J/OL]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2024, 13(06): 801-806.
[11] 曾春琴, 沈强, 周厚利, 李双龙, 胡高铭. 糖尿病视网膜病变中视网膜色素上皮脂代谢异常的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华眼科医学杂志(电子版), 2025, 15(01): 50-54.
[12] 王丽芳, 宁武, 丁艳, 张彦霞, 马豆豆, 卢哲敏, 韩芃, 李超然, 王宽婷. 北京市石景山区中学生的血尿酸与血清25(OH)D3水平的相关性研究[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(08): 865-869.
[13] 邓绮玲, 庄杰兰, 董家铭, 苏镜. 基于生物信息学分析原发性痛风性关节炎与高尿酸血症的关键基因及相关通路[J/OL]. 中华临床实验室管理电子杂志, 2025, 13(02): 97-105.
[14] 刘艳妮, 郝艳华, 王子予, 潘天一, 朱逸飞. 突发公共卫生事件下文化价值观与公众遵从行为:情绪的中介作用[J/OL]. 中华卫生应急电子杂志, 2024, 10(02): 75-81.
[15] 王国凤, 惠媛, 王凤力, 闫永鑫. 减重代谢手术对肥胖患者血清尿酸水平影响的Meta分析[J/OL]. 中华肥胖与代谢病电子杂志, 2024, 10(01): 45-57.
阅读次数
全文


摘要


AI


AI小编
你好!我是《中华医学电子期刊资源库》AI小编,有什么可以帮您的吗?