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中华肥胖与代谢病电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (03) : 191 -197. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9605.2025.03.005

论著

护士对肥胖者态度的影响因素分析:基于问卷调查的多区域、多中心研究
张雯1, 董志勇2, 赵宛鄂2, 王存川2, 陈伟菊3,(), 杨华2,()   
  1. 1215000 苏州,苏州大学附属第一医院消化科
    2510632 广州,暨南大学附属第一医院减重中心
    3510630 广州,暨南大学护理学院
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-14 出版日期:2025-08-30
  • 通信作者: 陈伟菊, 杨华

Analysis of influencing factors of nurses ' attitude towards patients with obesity-Multi-regional and multi-center research based on questionnaire survey

Wen Zhang1, Zhiyong Dong2, Wan'e Zhao2, Cunchuan Wang2, Weiju Chen3,(), Wah Yang2,()   

  1. 1Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
    2Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    3School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
  • Received:2024-12-14 Published:2025-08-30
  • Corresponding author: Weiju Chen, Wah Yang
引用本文:

张雯, 董志勇, 赵宛鄂, 王存川, 陈伟菊, 杨华. 护士对肥胖者态度的影响因素分析:基于问卷调查的多区域、多中心研究[J/OL]. 中华肥胖与代谢病电子杂志, 2025, 11(03): 191-197.

Wen Zhang, Zhiyong Dong, Wan'e Zhao, Cunchuan Wang, Weiju Chen, Wah Yang. Analysis of influencing factors of nurses ' attitude towards patients with obesity-Multi-regional and multi-center research based on questionnaire survey[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2025, 11(03): 191-197.

目的

探索护士对肥胖人群偏见态度现状及影响因素。

方法

本研究采用便利取样法于2021年5月至2021年9月选取不同地区医疗机构的注册护士为研究对象进行问卷发放与回收。研究工具包括一般资料调查表和对肥胖者态度量表(ATOP)。使用SPSS 27.0建立数据库,并进行数据分析。

结果

本研究中护士ATOP均分为(68.21±14.40)分,ATOP得分在60分以下者占30%。护士体重偏见态度影响因素的线性回归分析显示护士的年龄、工作年限、患有代谢病数量、医院等级和职称对ATOP量表得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论

近三分之一的护士表现出对肥胖人群消极态度。年龄、工作年限、患有代谢病数量、医院等级和职称是护士对肥胖者偏见的主要影响因素。

Objective

To explore the current situation and influencing factors of nurses' biased attitude towards people with obesity, which can provide theoretical guidance for formulating measures to eliminate nurses ' weight bias.

Methods

In this study, convenience sampling method was used to select registered nurses from medical institutions in different regions from May 2021 to September 2021 for questionnaire distribution and recovery. The research tools include general information questionnaire, and the attitude towards obese people scale (ATOP). SPSS 27.0 was used to establish the database and analyze the data.

Results

The average ATOP score of nurses was (68.21±14.40), and 30% of them scored below 60. The linear regression analysis of the influencing factors of nurses' weight bias attitude showed that the age, working years, number of metabolic diseases, hospital level and professional title of nurses had significant statistical significance on the score of ATOP scale (P<0.05 ).

Conclusions

In this study, nearly one-third of nurses show a negative attitude towards people with obesity. The age, working years, number of metabolic diseases, hospital level and professional title were the main influencing factors of nurses ' bias against people with obesity.

表1 样本分布特征(n=5 786)
统计变量 各变量要素 样本数 百分比(%)
一般人口学特征
性别 188 3.2
  5 598 96.8
民族 汉族 5 315 91.9
  少数民族 471 8.1
年龄(岁),Mean(SD) 32.46(7.87)    
年龄分组(岁) 18-25 1 138 19.7
  26-35 2 942 50.8
  36-45 1 204 20.8
  ≥46 502 8.7
婚姻状况 已婚 3 867 66.8
  未婚 1 804 31.2
  离异/丧偶 115 2.0
学历 大专及以下 2 573 44.5
  本科 3 171 54.8
  硕士及以上 42 0.7
月均收入(元) <5 000 1 389 24.0
  5 000-8 000 2 718 47.0
  8 001-12 000 1 229 21.2
  >12 000 450 7.8
患有代谢合并症的数量 0 4 834 83.5
  1-2 889 15.4
  ≥3 63 1.1
运动情况 ≥3次/周,≥30 min/次 625 10.8
  1-2次/周,≥30 min/次 1 392 24.1
  平均<1次/周 3 769 65.1
工作相关特征
工作科室 内科 1 406 24.3
  外科 1 271 22.0
  急诊科 302 5.2
  ICU 260 4.5
  妇产科 595 10.3
  儿科 366 6.3
  手术室 281 4.9
  门诊 324 5.6
  其他 981 17.0
工作年限(年),Mean(SD) 11.15(8.37)    
工作年限分组(年) ≤5 1 759 30.4
  5.01-10 1 566 27.1
  10.01-15 1 055 18.2
  15.01-20 551 9.5
  >20 855 14.8
医院等级 一级医院 358 6.2
  二级医院 1 206 20.8
  三级医院 4 222 73.0
医院类型 综合医院 4 852 83.9
  专科医院 934 16.1
近半年倒班情况 只上白班 1 909 33.0
  倒班 3 877 67.0
减重外科工作经历 76 1.3
  5 710 98.7
肥胖患者护理经历 4 266 73.7
  1 520 26.3
职称 护士 1 363 23.6
  初级护师 2 350 40.6
  主管护师 1 619 28.0
  副主任护师及以上 454 7.9
图1 ATOP量表得分60分以上及以下分布情况
表2 护士对肥胖人群态度的得分情况(n=5 786)
表3 护士的体重偏见在不同人口学特征和工作相关特征上的单因素分析(n=5 786)
变量 n ATOP得分 F/t P
Mean SD
性别       0.381 0.704
188 68.61 15.53    
5598 68.20 14.37    
年龄(岁)       0.507 0.667
18-25 1138 68.68 14.53    
25-35 2942 68.08 14.27    
36-45 1204 68.17 14.41    
≥46 502 68.21 14.40    
民族       -1.194 0.233
5315 68.15 14.90    
其他 471 68.97 13.38    
婚姻状况       9.223 0.000
已婚 3867 67.77ab 14.50    
未婚 1804 69.34a 14.19    
离异/丧偶 115 65.63b 13.37    
学历       0.763 0.466
大专及以下 2573 68.46 14.30    
本科 3171 68.00 14.51    
硕士及以上 42 68.98 12.30    
月均收入(元)       4.103 0.006
<5 000 1389 69.12a 14.03    
5 000-8 000 2718 68.07ab 14.27    
8 001-12 000 1229 68.14a 14.78    
>12 000 450 66.49b 15.13    
合并代谢病数量       4.299 0.014
0 4 832 68.41a 14.29    
1-2 889 67.43ab 15.06    
≥3 63 64.13b 13.04    
肥胖家族史       -0.377 0.706
2 223 68.12 14.40    
3 563 68.27 14.41    
体育运动情况       3.209 0.040
≥3次/周,≥30 min/次 625 67.41a 14.56    
1-2次/周,≥30 min/次 1 392 67.63a 14.48    
平均<1次/周 3 769 68.56b 14.34    
医院等级       3.049 0.047
一级医院 358 70.03a 14.52    
二级医院 1 206 68.02b 13.72    
三级医院 4 222 68.11b 14.58    
医院类型       0.246 0.620
综合医院 4 852 68.25 14.52    
专科医院 934 68.00 13.81    
减重外科工作经历       -1.268 0.205
76 66.13 15.01    
5710 68.24 14.39    
现工作科室       1.539 0.138
内科 1 406 69.09 15.03    
外科 1 271 68.18 14.14    
急诊科 302 67.97 13.95    
ICU 260 67.69 13.77    
妇产科 595 67.51 14.70    
儿科 366 67.50 14.39    
手术室 281 69.58 14.03    
门诊 324 67.44 14.25    
其他 981 67.77 14.06    
近半年轮班       -1.362 0.173
白班 1 909 67.85 14.73    
倒班 3877 68.39 14.24    
工作年限(年)       8.638 0.000
≤5 1 759 69.79a 14.16    
5.01-10 1 566 67.97b 13.99    
10.01-15 1 055 67.32b 14.86    
15.01-20 551 66.62b 13.97    
>20 855 67.54b 15.07    
职称       9.204 0.000
护士 1 363 69.58a 14.06    
初级护师 2 350 68.38ab 14.26    
主管护师 1 619 67.40bc 14.69    
副主任护师及以上 454 66.12c 14.71    
肥胖患者照护经历       0.220 0.826
4 266 68.24 14.47    
1 520 68.14 14.23    
表4 体重偏见影响因素回归分析(n=5 786)
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