切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华肥胖与代谢病电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (03) : 176 -184. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9605.2025.03.003

论著

体质量指数与心脏瓣膜围手术期预后的关系
李辰, 吕兴平, 沈叶舟, 刘晓彬, 周炜, 朱峰()   
  1. 200120 上海,同济大学附属东方医院重症医学科
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-15 出版日期:2025-08-30
  • 通信作者: 朱峰
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2024YFC3505700)

The relationship between body mass index and perioperative prognosis in cardiac valve surgery

Chen Li, Xingping Lv, Yezhou Shen, Xiaobin Liu, Wei Zhou, Feng Zhu()   

  1. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji University Affiliated Dongfang Hospital, Shanghai 200120, China
  • Received:2025-02-15 Published:2025-08-30
  • Corresponding author: Feng Zhu
引用本文:

李辰, 吕兴平, 沈叶舟, 刘晓彬, 周炜, 朱峰. 体质量指数与心脏瓣膜围手术期预后的关系[J/OL]. 中华肥胖与代谢病电子杂志, 2025, 11(03): 176-184.

Chen Li, Xingping Lv, Yezhou Shen, Xiaobin Liu, Wei Zhou, Feng Zhu. The relationship between body mass index and perioperative prognosis in cardiac valve surgery[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2025, 11(03): 176-184.

目的

探讨BMI与心脏瓣膜病患者围手术期之间的关系。

方法

本研究基于INSPIRE数据库的数据,纳入了972例接受心脏瓣膜手术的患者。根据BMI将参与者分为四组,1组是低体重组BMI<18.5 kg/m2,2组是正常体重组18.5 kg/m2≤BMI<24.0 kg/m2,3组是超重组24.0 kg/m2≤BMI<28.0 kg/m2,4组是肥胖组BMI≥28.0 kg/m2,并通过回归模型分析BMI与死亡率之间的关系。使用曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)来预测死亡率。此外,采用限制性样条回归模型(restricted cubic spline,RCS)进一步探索BMI与死亡之间的非线性关联。

结果

多因素逻辑回归分析表明体外循环时间、白蛋白、活化部分凝血活酶时间、肌酐、BMI和持续性肾脏替代疗法(continuous renal replacement therapy,CRRT)是心脏瓣膜置换术后死亡的危险因素。BMI每增加一个单位,心脏瓣膜手术后死亡的概率降低11%(OR 0.89,95% CI:0.81-0.99,P=0.027)。通过接收者操作特征(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)曲线分析,联合体外循环时间、白蛋白、活化部分凝血活酶时间、肌酐、BMI和CRRT治疗预测死亡的模型显示出较高的准确性(AUC:0.857,95% CI:0.795–0.920),敏感性为80.36%,特异性为80.57%。BMI(kg/m2)与心脏瓣膜手术后死亡风险之间存在显著的非线性关系,两个关键的BMI截断点为23.41和29.69。在BMI<23.42)随着BMI的降低,死亡风险增加。在23.42≤BMI<29.69,死亡风险降低并达到最低点。在BMI≥29.69,随着BMI的进一步增加,死亡风险可能开始上升。

结论

低BMI与心脏瓣膜围手术期死亡率显著相关,且BMI在预测死亡率方面具有一定价值。

Objective

Valvular heart disease is a condition that impairs the normal function of cardiac valves and often requires surgical intervention to improve patient outcomes. Body mass index (BMI) is a widely used international standard for assessing body fatness and overall health status. Significant changes in BMI are positively correlated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and both excessively high and low BMI may increase the risk of postoperative complications. This study aims to investigate the association between BMI and the perioperative period in patients with valvular heart disease.

Methods

This retrospective study used data from the INSPIRE database and included 972 patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery. Patients were classified into four BMI categories: underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5 kg/m2≤BMI<24.0 kg/m2), overweight (24.0 kg/m2≤BMI<28.0 kg/m2), and obese (BMI≥28.0 kg/m2). Logistic regression models were employed to assess the association between BMI and in-hospital mortality. Model discrimination was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression was applied to explore potential non-linear associations between BMI and mortality risk.

Results

Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified cardiopulmonary bypass time, serum albumin, activated partial thromboplastin time, serum creatinine, body mass index (BMI), and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) as independent predictors of postoperative mortality following cardiac valve replacement. Each 1-unit increase in BMI was associated with an 11% reduction in mortality risk (OR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.81–0.99, P=0.027). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that the combined model incorporating these variables achieved high predictive accuracy (AUC=0.857, 95% CI: 0.795–0.920), with a sensitivity of 80.36% and a specificity of 80.57%. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a significant non-linear association between BMI (kg/m2) and mortality, with two inflection points at 23.41 kg/m2 and 29.69 kg/m2. For BMI<23.42, mortality risk increased with decreasing BMI; for 23.42≤BMI<29.69, risk declined to its lowest level; and for BMI≥29.69, mortality risk tended to rise again.

Conclusions

Low BMI is strongly associated with perioperative mortality after cardiac valve surgery, and serves as a potential predictor of mortality risk.

表1 按BMI分组的纳入者基线特征
资料 总人数(n=967) 1组:低体重组(n=88) 2组:正常体重组(n=506) 3组:超重组(n=292) 4组:肥胖组(n=81) P
人口特征            
年龄 65.00(55.00,75.00) 65.00 (53.75,75.00) 65.00 (55.00,75.00) 65.00 (55.00,70.00) 65.00 (55.00,75.00) 0.885
性别,男(%) 528 (54.60) 43 (48.86) 266 (52.57) 183 (62.67) 36 (44.44) 0.005
临床特征            
手术时间(min) 445.00 (367.50,527.50) 500.00 (390.00,595.00) 440.00 (365.00,520.00) 435.00 (365.00,520.00) 460.00 (385.00,530.00) 0.003
麻醉时间(min) 425.00 (350.00,505.00) 485.00 (378.75,566.25) 420.00 (346.25,493.75) 410.00 (345.00,491.25) 440.00 (375.00,505.00) 0.001
体外循环时间(min) 200.00 (155.00,250.00) 222.50 (175.00,275.00) 195.00 (155.00,250.00) 200.00 (155.00,240.00) 200.00 (160.00,245.00) 0.008
白蛋白(g/dL) 2.90 (2.50,3.10) 2.70 (2.30,3.00) 2.90 (2.50,3.10) 2.90 (2.50,3.10) 2.90 (2.70,3.20) <.001
碱性磷酸酶(U/L) 37.00 (33.00,46.00) 37.00 (33.00,46.00) 37.00 (33.00,46.00) 37.00 (33.00,46.00) 37.00 (33.00,46.00) 0.766
谷丙转氨酶(U/L) 16.00 (12.00,24.00) 17.00 (12.00,24.00) 16.00 (12.00,22.50) 17.00 (13.00,22.00) 17.00 (13.00,30.00) 0.137
谷草转氨酶(U/L) 49.00 (40.00,108.00) 65.00 (40.00,108.00) 49.00 (35.00,108.00) 49.00 (35.00,108.00) 65.00 (40.00,108.00) 0.065
活化部分凝血活酶时间 36.20 (32.40,43.10) 43.10 (34.80,56.50) 36.20 (32.40,43.10) 34.80 (31.80,43.10) 34.80 (31.20,38.40) <.001
尿素氮(mg/dL) 13.00 (10.00,16.00) 13.50 (10.00,18.00) 13.00 (10.00,16.00) 13.00 (12.00,16.00) 14.00 (13.00,17.00) 0.267
肌酸激酶(U/L) 527.00 (315.00,733.00) 527.00 (315.00,1192.00) 402.00 (251.00,733.00) 402.00 (315.00,733.00) 527.00 (315.00,1192.00) 0.181
肌酸激酶同工酶(U/L) 42.10 (19.50,77.60) 42.10 (42.10,77.60) 42.10 (19.50,77.60) 42.10 (19.50,77.60) 42.10 (42.10,77.60) 0.293
肌酐(mg/dL) 0.81 (0.63,0.99) 0.81 (0.62,0.99) 0.78 (0.63,0.99) 0.83 (0.69,0.99) 0.81 (0.66,1.06) 0.274
C反应蛋白(mg/L) 1.15 (0.31,3.72) 1.40 (0.31,4.60) 1.15 (0.31,4.60) 0.78 (0.19,2.94) 0.78 (0.25,2.94) 0.215
纤维蛋白原(mg/dL) 187.00 (148.00,214.00) 148.00 (148.00,214.00) 187.00 (148.00,214.00) 187.00 (148.00,214.00) 187.00 (148.00,214.00) 0.033
血糖(mg/dL) 132.00 (110.00,163.00) 132.00 (105.00,174.00) 132.00 (110.00,163.00) 126.00 (110.00,154.00) 138.00 (110.00,174.00) 0.530
血红蛋白(g/dL) 10.90 (10.10,12.20) 10.70 (9.40,11.60) 10.90 (9.70,11.90) 11.60 (10.40,12.20) 10.90 (10.10,12.20) <.001
红细胞压积(%) 31.00 (28.00,33.50) 29.00 (27.00,31.80) 31.00 (28.00,33.50) 31.80 (29.00,35.20) 31.80 (29.00,33.50) <.001
乳酸(mmol/L) 1.70 (1.30,2.50) 2.50 (1.40,3.90) 1.70 (1.22,2.50) 1.70 (1.30,2.50) 1.70 (1.40,3.00) 0.060
血小板(×109/L) 114.00 (90.00,134.00) 90.00 (61.00,134.00) 114.00 (90.00,134.00) 114.00 (90.00,150.00) 114.00 (90.00,150.00) 0.002
INR 1.27 (1.21,1.37) 1.37 (1.27,1.54) 1.27 (1.21,1.37) 1.27 (1.20,1.37) 1.27 (1.21,1.37) <.001
肌钙蛋白(ng/L) 7.29 (3.89,15.60) 15.60 (3.89,27.27) 7.29 (3.89,15.60) 7.29 (3.89,15.60) 7.29 (3.89,15.60) 0.005
白细胞计数(×109/L) 8.86 (6.26,12.18) 8.07 (5.14,11.05) 8.31 (5.90,12.18) 9.47 (7.40,12.18) 9.47 (7.73,12.18) <.001
生命体征            
体温 36.00 (35.70,36.40) 36.00 (35.70,36.40) 36.00 (35.70,36.40) 36.00 (35.70,36.50) 36.00 (35.70,36.30) 0.580
格拉斯哥评分 2.00 (0.00,7.00) 2.00 (0.00,2.00) 2.00 (0.00,7.00) 2.00 (0.00,7.00) 2.00 (0.00,7.00) 0.630
心率(次/min) 80.00 (70.00,88.00) 83.50 (71.00,92.00) 80.00 (70.00,88.00) 80.00 (70.00,88.00) 80.00 (68.00,96.00) 0.254
平均动脉压(mmHg) 78.00 (67.00,91.00) 67.00 (57.00,86.00) 76.00 (67.00,91.00) 80.00 (70.00,91.00) 80.00 (70.00,94.00) 0.006
呼吸评率(次/min) 13.00 (12.00,13.00) 12.50 (12.00,13.00) 13.00 (12.00,13.00) 13.00 (12.00,13.00) 13.00 (12.00,13.50) 0.399
器械支持            
CRRT,n(%)           0.005
0 917 (94.83) 76 (86.36) 480 (94.86) 282 (96.58) 79 (97.53)  
1 50 (5.17) 12 (13.64) 26 (5.14) 10 (3.42) 2 (2.47)  
ECMO,n(%)           0.056
0 958 (99.07) 86 (97.73) 499 (98.62) 292 (100.00) 81 (100.00)  
1 9 (0.93) 2 (2.27) 7 (1.38) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00)  
IABP,n(%)           0.003
0 912 (94.31) 76 (86.36) 476 (94.07) 281 (96.23) 79 (97.53)  
1 55 (5.69) 12 (13.64) 30 (5.93) 11 (3.77) 2 (2.47)  
机械通气,n(%)           0.316
1 541 (55.95) 56 (63.64) 287 (56.72) 154 (52.74) 44 (54.32)  
0 426 (44.05) 32 (36.36) 219 (43.28) 138 (47.26) 37 (45.68)  
表2 BMI与围手术期死亡的四分位数分层的逻辑回归分析
  单因素 多因素
β S.E Z P OR (95%CI β S.E Z P OR (95%CI
CRRT                    
0         1.00 (Reference)         1.00 (Reference)
1 3.02 0.33 9.02 <.001 20.41 (10.60 ~ 39.29) 1.91 0.54 3.54 <.001 6.78 (2.35 ~ 19.58)
ECMO                    
0         1.00 (Reference)         1.00 (Reference)
1 3.10 0.69 4.52 <.001 22.23 (5.79 ~ 85.30) 0.13 1.06 0.12 0.904 1.14 (0.14 ~ 9.07)
IABP                    
0         1.00 (Reference)         1.00 (Reference)
1 1.83 0.35 5.18 <.001 6.26 (3.13 ~ 12.51) 0.33 0.52 0.63 0.530 1.38 (0.50 ~ 3.83)
机械通气                    
0         1.00 (Reference)         1.00 (Reference)
1 0.63 0.30 2.10 0.036 1.87 (1.04 ~ 3.35) -0.10 0.40 -0.26 0.795 0.90 (0.41 ~ 1.98)
年龄 0.03 0.01 2.38 0.017 1.03 (1.01 ~ 1.05) 0.02 0.01 1.22 0.221 1.02 (0.99 ~ 1.05)
手术时间 0.01 0.00 7.60 <.001 1.01 (1.01 ~ 1.01) 0.01 0.01 1.10 0.271 1.01 (0.99 ~ 1.03)
麻醉时间 0.01 0.00 7.59 <.001 1.01 (1.01 ~ 1.01) -0.00 0.01 -0.40 0.692 1.00 (0.97 ~ 1.02)
体外循环时间 0.01 0.00 4.58 <.001 1.01 (1.01 ~ 1.01) -0.01 0.00 -2.36 0.018 0.99 (0.99 ~ 0.99)
白蛋白 -2.77 0.50 -5.56 <.001 0.06 (0.02 ~ 0.17) -1.34 0.64 -2.10 0.036 0.26 (0.07 ~ 0.91)
活化部分凝血活酶时间 0.08 0.01 7.46 <.001 1.09 (1.06 ~ 1.11) 0.04 0.02 2.42 0.016 1.04 (1.01 ~ 1.07)
肌酐 1.06 0.18 5.98 <.001 2.88 (2.04 ~ 4.07) 0.53 0.25 2.14 0.032 1.70 (1.05 ~ 2.76)
纤维蛋白原 -0.01 0.00 -3.17 0.002 0.99 (0.98 ~ 0.99) -0.00 0.00 -0.26 0.794 1.00 (0.99 ~ 1.01)
血红蛋白 -0.25 0.10 -2.56 0.011 0.78 (0.64 ~ 0.94) 0.15 0.13 1.19 0.234 1.17 (0.90 ~ 1.51)
乳酸 0.28 0.07 4.22 <.001 1.33 (1.16 ~ 1.51) -0.04 0.11 -0.36 0.718 0.96 (0.77 ~ 1.19)
血小板 -0.01 0.00 -2.69 0.007 0.99 (0.98 ~ 0.99) -0.00 0.00 -0.92 0.359 1.00 (0.99 ~ 1.01)
白细胞 -0.04 0.04 -1.11 0.265 0.96 (0.90 ~ 1.03) 0.04 0.05 0.86 0.390 1.04 (0.95 ~ 1.14)
BMI -0.20 0.04 -4.82 <.001 0.82 (0.75 ~ 0.89) -0.11 0.05 -2.22 0.027 0.89 (0.81 ~ 0.99)
性别                    
1         1.00 (Reference)         1.00 (Reference)
2 -0.27 0.28 -0.94 0.345 0.77 (0.44 ~ 1.33) -0.20 0.36 -0.54 0.587 0.82 (0.41 ~ 1.66)
图1 体外循环时间、白蛋白、活化部分凝血活酶时间、肌酐、BMI和CRRT的接收者操作特征曲线(ROC)
图2 联合预测的接收者操作特征曲线(ROC)
图3 预测模型的校准曲线
图4 BMI与心脏瓣膜术后患者死亡全因死亡之间的关系
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