探究高脂饮食诱导肥胖模型中小鼠肠道菌群的分步分类及结构特征。

8周龄，SPF级雄性昆明小鼠随机分为两组，即正常组（NC组，n=8）和肥胖组（Obs组，n=8）；通过高脂饮食诱导方式建立小鼠肥胖（Obs）模型，利用16s rRNA高通量测序技术，检测小鼠肠道菌群，并分析比较高脂饮食诱导Obs小鼠与NC小鼠的菌群组成差异。

Obs组小鼠粪便菌群的有效序列得到261个操作单元（OTUs）聚类，其明显低于NC组（353个OTUs）；Obs组的ACE和Chaol指数低于NC组、Obs组的Simpson指数高于NC组，提示Obs组肠道菌落丰富性及多样性低于NC组。Obs组的肠道菌属中Bacteroidales（杆菌科）、Campylobacterales（弯曲杆菌）、Lactobacillales（乳酸杆菌）以及Enterobacteriales（肠杆菌）的含量与NC组比较明显下降（P<0.05）；而Obs组的肠道菌属中Desulfovifrionales（脱硫氟菌属）和Erysipelotrichales（白痢杆菌）的含量，与NC组比较明显上升（P<0.05）。

高脂饮食诱导肥胖的诱导小鼠肠道菌群的多样性显著降低，菌群分布发生显著变化。

To explore the classification and structural characteristics of intestinal flora in obese mice induced by high-fat diet.

Eight week old SPF male kunming mice were randomly divided into two groups: normal group (NC group, n=8) and obese group (Obs group, n=8).The obese mice (Obs) model was induced by high-fat diet. The intestinal microflora of mice was detected by 16s rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology, and the differences between high-fat diet mice and normal mice were analyzed and compared.

The effective sequence of mouse fecal flora in Obs group was clustered into 261 operation units (OTUs), which was lower than that in NC group (353 OTUs); The ACE and Chaol indexes of Obs group were lower than those of NC group, and the Simpson index of Obs group was higher than that of NC group, indicating that the flora richness and diversity of Obs group were lower than those of NC group. The contents of Bacteroidales, Campylobacteres, Lactobacillus and Enterobacteriaceae in the bacteria genus of Obs group werelower than those of NC group (P<0.05).The contents of Desulfovifrionales and Erysipelothrichales in the fecal flora of Obs mice were higher than those in the normal control group (P<0.05).

The diversity of intestinal microflora in obesity induced mice decreased significantly, and the distribution of intestinal microflora changed significantly.