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中华肥胖与代谢病电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (02) : 133 -139. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9605.2026.02.008

综述

高脂饮食诱导的肥胖对睡眠影响的研究进展
汤李政, 金希亚, 柳涛()   
  1. 330006 南昌,南昌大学第一附属医院儿科
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-13 出版日期:2026-05-31
  • 通信作者: 柳涛
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32460201); 江西省自然科学基金项目(20242BAB26131); 江西省科技创新基地项目(20242BCC32084)

Advances in the study of the effects of high-fat diet-induced obesity on sleep

Lizheng Tang, Xiya Jin, Tao Liu()   

  1. Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
  • Received:2025-03-13 Published:2026-05-31
  • Corresponding author: Tao Liu
引用本文:

汤李政, 金希亚, 柳涛. 高脂饮食诱导的肥胖对睡眠影响的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华肥胖与代谢病电子杂志, 2026, 12(02): 133-139.

Lizheng Tang, Xiya Jin, Tao Liu. Advances in the study of the effects of high-fat diet-induced obesity on sleep[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 12(02): 133-139.

肥胖与睡眠障碍共病普遍,高脂饮食作为关键可干预因素,其作用机制亟待厘清。本文系统综述高脂饮食诱导肥胖对睡眠结构与质量的影响,旨在整合现有证据,构建多通路协同机制网络。现有研究表明,高脂饮食可导致睡眠节律紊乱、慢波活动减弱、睡眠碎片化及呼吸不稳,其机制涉及食欲素、瘦素、胃饥饿素及多巴胺信号失调,代谢产物调控,内质网应激及肠道菌群紊乱等多重路径的交织作用。本文通过解析上述异质性证据,厘清当前研究的局限与争议,为未来开展标准化机制验证及探索精准干预靶点提供理论依据。

The frequent comorbidity of obesity and sleep disorders is well-established, with high-fat diet (HFD) serving as a critical modifiable factor whose mechanisms of action warrant further elucidation. This review systematically synthesizes the current evidence on how HFD-induced obesity affects sleep architecture and quality, aiming to integrate existing evidence and construct a multi-pathway synergistic mechanism network. Existing research indicates that HFD can disrupt sleep rhythms, reduce slow-wave activity, increase sleep fragmentation, and impair respiratory stability during sleep. The underlying mechanisms involve the interplay of multiple pathways, including dysregulation of orexin, leptin, ghrelin, and dopamine signaling, metabolic products, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. By analyzing the heterogeneous evidence and clarifying the limitations and controversies in current research, we provide a theoretical foundation for future standardized mechanism validation and exploration of precise intervention targets.

表1 肥胖动物模型的睡眠变化
小鼠品系 年龄 高脂饲料构成比(糖类:脂肪:蛋白质,%) 喂养时间(周) 睡眠变化 作者
Sprague-Dawley雄性大鼠 成年 20.0: 60.0: 20.0 4、8 小鼠觉醒时间减少,且觉醒碎片化明显,REM睡眠增加,8周对睡眠的影响>4周 Luppi,2014[50]
C57BL/6J雄性小鼠 12~14周 35.0: 45.0: 20.0 8 小鼠暗相觉醒时间减少、觉醒次数增加、NREM增加,明相REM增加 Perron,2015[51]
Sprague-Dawley雄性大鼠 6周 20.0: 60.0: 20.0 8 总觉醒时间减少,NREM睡眠时间和碎片化程度增加,REM睡眠时间增加 Luppi,2017[52]
C57BL/6J雄性小鼠 6~8周 25.2: 58.4: 16.4 14 NREM睡眠时间缩短 Fleury Curado,2018[53]
C57BL/6J雄性小鼠 6月 35.0: 45.0: 20.0 12 REM睡眠时间增加 Panagiotou,2018[54]
C57BL/6J雄性小鼠 12周 25.2: 58.4: 16.4 8 NREM睡眠时间增加,NREM睡眠向觉醒转换次数增多,NREM期间通气量减少 Kim,2022[55]
C57BL/6J雌性小鼠 8~10周 25.2: 58.4: 16.4 12 NREM睡眠时间减少,睡眠期间发生呼吸暂停的概率更低 Kim,2023[56]
C57BL/6J雄性小鼠 4周 20.0: 60.0: 20.0 8 觉醒时间减少,REM睡眠增加并碎片化VTA、PFC、NAc脑区多巴胺表达降低,且与REM睡眠时间呈负相关 Kang,2023[29]
C57BL/6J雄性小鼠 6~7周 20.0: 60.0: 20.0 8 觉醒时间减少,NREM睡眠时间和碎片化程度增加,REM睡眠时间增加 Wang,2023[57]
C57BL/6J雄性小鼠 3周 2.9: 31.9: 25.5 16 NREM睡眠碎片化 Sato,2025[58]
图1 HFD诱导的肥胖对睡眠影响的机制图
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